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• Bemuso

  • About Bemuso

    • What is Bemuso?
    • What isn’t Bemuso?
    • What is Bemuso for?
    • Site independence
    • Your privacy
    • Quoting and linking
    • Copyright
    • Contact Bemuso
      • Bug reports
      • Email address

  • How to use the site

    • Quick start
    • Finding stuff
    • Menus and pages

  • Autobiography

  • What’s new

    • What’s new 2007
    • What’s new 2006
    • What’s new 2005
    • What’s new 2004
    • What’s new 2003
    • What’s new 2002

  • Sitemap (this page)

• Music biz

  • Royalties and licenses

    • How musicians and writers earn royalties
      • Live music income and rights
      • Recorded music income and rights
      • Where music royalties come from
      • How music royalties work
    • Some other music licenses
      • Other blanket licenses
        • Joint online license
        • Library music license
        • Sampled music license
        • Ringtone license
        • Digital DJ license
        • Dubbing license
        • Blank media and file player levies
      • Some one-off licenses
        • Master use license
        • Sync license
        • Grand Rights license
        • Buy-out license
    • Who buys music licenses?
      • Commercial licensees and royalty payments
      • Some PPL and PRS performance licenses

  • Collection Societies

    • Collecting music royalties
    • Royalty collection societies
      • Royalty collection facts and figures
    • Collecting royalties for copying recordings
    • Collecting royalties for public performances
      • Performing rights organisations
      • Performing a self-written set
      • Black box royalties
      • Performance royalty calculations
    • Joining a royalty collection society
      • Notifying royalty collection societies
      • Do I need to join a collection society?
      • Reasons not to join a collection society
    • Collection societies in the rest of the world

  • Labels and publishers

    • Record labels and music publishers
    • Record labels
      • Licensing recordings for release
      • The majors and indies
      • The major record labels
      • Independent record labels
      • Record labels and other bodies
    • Music publishers
      • Different kinds of music publishers
      • Music publishers and other bodies

  • Music copyright

    • What does copyright mean?
    • What can be copyright?
    • How is something copyright?
    • Protecting your copyright
    • How long does copyright last?
    • What format is the copyright master?
    • Can chords and beats be copyright?
    • Are arrangements copyright?
    • Does copyright apply to everybody?
      • A note about changes to copyright
    • Assignment of copyright
    • International copyright agreements
    • Copyleft and Creative Commons
    • Public domain

  • CDs

    • CDs
    • Types of CD
    • Recordable CDs
    • Identifying CD types
    • CD speeds
    • Copy-protected CD-DAs
    • Unbranded recordable CDs
    • The Red Book standard
    • Future disc standards

  • Digital distribution

    • What is digital distribution?
    • Digital content distribution
      • Digital music warehouses
        • Independent aggregators
        • Digital jukeboxes
        • Kiosks
      • Digital radio (DAB)
      • Satellite radio
      • Satellite, cable and terrestrial TV
      • Internet radio
        • Music discovery programming
      • Podcasting
      • Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks
        • Peer-to-peer (P2P) poisoning
    • Online music distribution
      • Illegal download sites
      • Artist download sites
      • Community download sites
      • Buying music online
        • Online music retail
        • Media centre cable services
      • Download sales charts
      • Digital rights management
      • Watermarks and fingerprints

  • Business

    • The music business
      • Earning royalties
      • Paying group members
      • Paying other recording contributors
    • Trading status
      • Different kinds of companies
    • Tax relief
    • Government links
    • Grants and funding schemes
    • Music business accountant
    • Getting bar-codes
    • PO Box
    • Protecting a band name or other names
    • Music organisations
      • British Academy of Composers and Songwriters
      • Association of Independent Music
      • Musicians’ Union
      • Music Managers Forum

  • Online payment

    • Selling by mail order online
    • Online payment services
      • Credit card payment gateways
      • Dedicated seller accounts
      • Some questions for payment services

  • Web sites

    • Web site options
    • Internet services
    • About search engines
      • Directories
      • Indexes
      • What search engines want
    • Internet links
      • Search engines
      • Names, hosting and forums
      • Internet tools
      • Internet information

  • Glossary and index

  • Music biz FAQ

  • Music organisations

    • UK professional bodies
    • USA, EU and world organisations

  • Music biz books

    • How the music business works
      • How the USA music biz works
    • Music business stories

  • Music biz articles

  • Download sites

    • Short history of download retail
    • Download retailers

  • Independent labels

    • Independent labels
    • Independent artists
    • Independent communities

• Music DIY

  • Getting started

    • Getting started
    • Selling CDs and downloads
    • Getting your music online
    • Earning royalties
    • Music copyright
    • Protecting your work
    • Publishing and distribution
    • New music media
    • Legal, tax and trading
    • Signing contracts
    • Clubs, guilds and associations
    • Things to do

  • DIY and indie

    • Making records and publishing songs
      • How much does it cost to make a record?
    • Different kinds of record labels
      • What’s the difference between majors and indies?
      • Big music and small music
    • Independent record labels
      • What does independence mean?
      • The advantages of an independent label
      • How big is the independent sector?
    • DIY record label choices
      • What does DIY mean?
      • Some music business options
      • Opting out of the music business

  • DIY checklist

    • The main steps
    • Preparing for business
      • Sorting out your names
      • Joining professional bodies
      • Do you need any legal stuff?
      • Do you need any contracts?
      • Keeping accounts
      • Paying tax
    • Running your online label
      • Setting up a web site
      • Making and releasing a CD
      • Mail order
    • The main ways to sell your music
      • CD sales online
      • CD sales offline
    • The main ways to take payment
    • Promotion

  • CD costs

    • CD mail order costs
      • Digipak mail order
      • Standard jewel case mail order
      • CDs, post and packing
    • CD total cost breakdown
      • An example of high street CD costs

  • Download costs

  • CD release

    • Duplication
      • Mastering
      • Choosing a CD duplication format
      • Choosing a CD duplicator
      • Burning CD-Rs
      • Pressing CDs
    • A CD package
      • CD cases
      • CD body art-work
      • CD booklets and inserts
      • CD information checklist
    • CD release paperwork
      • MCPS paperwork
      • ISRCs for tracks
      • Bar-codes for CDs
      • List of identification codes
      • Notifying collection societies

  • Download formats

    • More open download formats
    • Less open download formats
    • Copying compressed files
      • Concatenation loss
      • Format convertors
    • Uploading your downloads
      • Music download file sizes
      • MP3 web server space
      • Downloading or streaming?
    • Online releases
      • Packaging and paperwork
      • Getting your tracks onto the Internet
      • Download sites and aggregators

  • Songwriting

    • Songwriting
    • What’s the formula for a song?
    • What is a great song?
    • Writing a song
      • Originality
      • Writer’s block
      • Some songs don’t work out
      • Creativity techniques
      • Collaborating on a song
      • Reference books for writing lyrics
    • Recording a song
      • 1. Write the song
      • 2. Do a demo mix
      • 3. Do an arrangement
      • 4. Retake/remake
      • 5. Stop
    • The end result
      • Why do you write songs?
      • A strategy for songwriting
      • Using a music publisher
      • Songwriting guilds and associations

  • Recording

    • Recording
    • General studio approach
    • Basic recording equipment
      • Good headphones
      • Good microphone
      • Effects unit
      • Multi-track recorder
      • Guitar tuner and pre-amp
      • Instruments
    • Soundproofing
      • Soundproof hard disc recorder box
    • Recording and mixing
    • Audio compression, EQ and reverb
    • From multi-track to master
    • The main steps to CD and MP3
    • Audio input to computer
      • USB audio problems
    • Computer audio tools
      • Tidying finished stereo tracks
      • Burning CD-R masters
    • Studio notes

  • Your web site

    • Web site running costs
      • Basic web site costs
      • Extra web site costs
    • Making this web site
      • Web pages
      • File utilities
      • Audio tools
    • Web site name scams
    • ISPs, registrars, hosts and gateways
    • Web site building tools
    • Web host space requirements
    • HTML and different browsers
    • Web site complexity
    • Forms, counters, databases, etc.
    • Some special files
      • index or default
      • robots.txt
      • favicon.ico
      • stylesheet.css
    • Can anyone build a web site?

  • Search engines

    • Getting visitors
      • Web site design
      • Web site links
      • Web site statistics
    • Search engines
      • Search-friendly HTML
      • Meta name tags
      • Submitting this web site
      • Free search engines I used
      • Search engines I didn’t use
      • Web site submission lead time
    • Summary of web site publicity

  • Not on Bemuso

    • Computers and audio
    • Contracts, forms and boilerplate
    • Complete trade directory
    • Content, style and genre
    • Performance technique
    • How to do your promotion

  • DIY music books

    • Songwriting
    • Recording
    • Web sites

  • Music web zines

  • DIY record labels

  • Download sites

    • DIY artist downloads
    • Cascade file sharing or super-distribution
    • Ogg, FLAC and others
    • Creative Commons and copyleft

• Articles

  • The money sponge

    • Changes
    • One for you, nineteen for me
    • It’s the business, stupid
    • Chiselling points
    • The music industry is not the world
    • Where are the songs?
    • Making the Internet work
    • Record industry cost and quality
      • Footnotes
      • 1. Major record company profits are thin
      • 2. Big record label operating costs are 95%
      • 3. Four out of five acts signed by big labels fail
      • 4. Most records are bought by the over-thirties
      • 5. The royalty system rewards the big players

  • Do it yourself

    • Be a record label and music publisher
    • Getting specialist help
    • How to get started

  • The damage done

    • What’s up?
    • What are artist’s rights?
    • Who benefits from artist’s rights?
    • How does it affect independent artists?
    • How does it affect the public?
    • The future

  • Get signed, get singed

    • What is a record label?
    • What does a record label offer?
    • Where does the money go?

  • How do I get signed?

    • Getting signed
    • What getting signed means
    • Management
    • Contract jargon
    • Exclusivity
    • The Territory
    • The Term
    • Copyrights
    • Publishing
    • Recordings
    • Package deals
    • Promotion
    • Checking promotion claims

  • Popular delusions

    • My stuff is better than everything in the charts
    • I’m better than everyone on Top Of The Pops
    • Let’s bring back the diversity and quality of Sixties music
    • Everyone who matters in the music biz works for a big label
    • Music is the record industry
    • All record labels are the same
    • Artist managers are the disreputable spawn of Satan
    • Somebody else will take care of business
    • Good music sells itself
    • The web music revolution changes all the rules
    • The web music revolution will kill the corporate dinosaurs

  • The Beatles business

    • Why The Beatles?
    • Beatles books
      • Recommended Beatles books
      • Beatles biographies
      • Beatles music, recording and events
      • Further Beatles reading
    • Beatles music business
      • The Beatles main companies
      • Northern Songs, NEMS and Apple Corps

  • The Beatles timeline

    • Recordings, releases and key events in order
      • Recording and chronology notes
        • The table layout
        • The tracks and releases
        • Pete Best
    • Songs in recording session order
    • Albums, EPs, singles and films in release order

  • Does A&R work?

  • Music piracy ahoy!

  • Ani di Franco open letter